Social media, generational differences and digital well-being: new social challenges in the 21st century

Abstract

The paper examines the psychosocial effects of social media use among young people, emphasizing intergenerational differences in communication, emotional expression, and digital well-being. The research is based on an online survey conducted within the Erasmus+ Blended Intensive Programme “The impact of social media addiction on young people” in May 2025, involving students from five European countries. The results show that participants from Generation Z spend an average of one to five hours per day on social media (mainly TikTok and Instagram), primarily for entertainment and social interaction. Respondents report common experiences of anxiety, comparison, and difficulties in expressing emotions online, while also demonstrating awareness of the need for digital balance. The findings highlight the necessity of interdisciplinary approaches to address the social and emotional challenges of the digital age.